What characterizes Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)?

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that primarily confer resistance to a broad range of penicillins and cephalosporins, specifically the extended-spectrum ones. These enzymes work by hydrolyzing the beta-lactam ring, which is a crucial component of these antibiotics, thus rendering them ineffective for treatment.

The characteristic of ESBLs being able to inactivate extended-spectrum cephalosporins is significant because it directly impacts the treatment options available for infections caused by bacteria that produce these enzymes. Bacteria that possess ESBLs, such as certain strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are particularly concerning because they limit the use of commonly prescribed antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

The other options present statements that are not accurate representations of ESBL characteristics. They do not show resistance to all classes of antibiotics, as there are still some beta-lactams (like carbapenems) which can be effective against bacteria producing ESBLs. ESBLs are not limited to hydrolyzing only isolated penicillins; they have a broader spectrum of activity against certain cephalosporins and are not effective against all beta-lact