Which bacterium is known for causing neonatal conjunctivitis?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is known for causing neonatal conjunctivitis, often referred to as gonococcal conjunctivitis. This condition can develop in newborns who are exposed to the bacterium during delivery as they pass through the birth canal of an infected mother. The manifestation typically occurs within the first few days after birth, presenting as redness, swelling, and discharge in the eyes.

This condition is particularly concerning because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including corneal ulcers and potential blindness. Due to the severity of this outcome, many hospitals implement preventative measures, such as administering prophylactic antibiotic ointments to newborns at birth, to mitigate the risk of gonococcal infection.

Other bacteria mentioned have distinct characteristics and are associated with different infections. For instance, while Moraxella catarrhalis can often be found in respiratory tract infections, it is not typically linked to neonatal conjunctivitis. Proteus species are primarily known for their role in urinary tract infections and are not associated with conjunctivitis. Shigella, on the other hand, is most commonly linked with gastroenteritis and does not cause eye infections. Thus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae stands out as the primary bacterium responsible for neonatal