Which of the following is a common cause of meningitis in neonates?

Escherichia coli is a leading cause of meningitis in neonates, especially in the first few weeks of life. In this age group, the presence of E. coli, often associated with maternal infections during pregnancy or the birth process, can lead to serious outcomes such as meningitis. E. coli commonly enters the bloodstream or brain through the gastrointestinal tract or during delivery, particularly if there is a rupture of membranes or if the infant is preterm.

E. coli is part of the normal flora of the intestine, but when it crosses barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier in neonates, it can lead to central nervous system infections. Other risk factors include low birth weight and complications during labor.

In contrast, while Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis can cause meningitis, they are more commonly associated with older children and adults. These pathogens are less frequently implicated in neonatal meningitis due to the unique vulnerabilities and immune characteristics of newborns.